Due to the increase of concerns for draining of energy resources and environmental pollutions, academic researchers are striving to produce non-fossil energy sources and chemical products that are renewable, sustainable and environmental friendly. 1^st generation biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel are already commercialized in the industry, but low energy content and competition with food resources, are always considered as weakness of the 1^st generation biofuels. Therefore, unlike 1^st generation biofuels, biofuels that have less oxygens and competition have become the main interest for researchers.

Among various heat transfer processes for biomass that are not dealing with food resources, ‘fast pyrolysis’ is the most famous one. This process is derived from empty palm fruit bunch, which decomposes the material for a few seconds at the temperature of 400-600°C in an oxygen free environment, which produces liquid bio-oil. However, this process has many weaknesses like; (1) low heat stability and short storage period, (2) low energy content, (3) an instability to combine with fossil fuels, (4) low pH causing corrosion of machines, (5) separation of materials if stored for a long time. And due to these weaknesses, bio-oil is not easy materials to transfer, store, and use.

This research is about bio upgrading and eliminating weaknesses we have seen in the original ‘fast pyrolysis’ process. Unlike the typical bio oil upgrading process using the usual catalyst, this research is not using a catalyst or hydrogen. Instead, they use in-situ generated hydrogen and supercritical alcohols to upgrade bio oil. And from this research, we were able to find that temperature and heat transfer characteristics are similar to medium grade oil. We believe the upgrade bio-oil from this process will generate green electricity and bio gasoline as well as, bio diesel for automobiles.